NAD+

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme found in every living cell. It plays a central role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and the regulation of longevity-associated pathways.

Key Research Areas

• Essential cofactor for over 500 enzymatic reactions in cellular metabolism
• Activates sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7) — key regulators of ageing and longevity
• Supports PARP-mediated DNA repair mechanisms
• Studied for mitochondrial function and energy production
• Declines with age — supplementation studied for age-related metabolic decline

Mechanism of Action

NAD+ is a hydride-accepting coenzyme in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. It also serves as a substrate for sirtuins and PARPs, linking energy metabolism to epigenetic regulation and DNA repair.